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1973 Toyota ESV

Toyota ESV, 1973
Toyota ESV, 1973
Toyota ESV, 1973
Toyota ESV, 1973
Toyota ESV, 1973
Toyota ESV, 1973
Toyota ESV, 1973 - Interior
Toyota ESV, 1973 - Interior
Toyota ESV, 1973
Toyota ESV, 1973
Toyota ESV, 1973
Toyota ESV, 1973
Toyota ESV - Public pole impact test for the Toyota ESV (Japan Automobile Research Institute, Yatabe-machi, Ibaraki Prefecture, November 1973)
Toyota ESV - Public pole impact test for the Toyota ESV (Japan Automobile Research Institute, Yatabe-machi, Ibaraki Prefecture, November 1973)
Toyota ESV (ESV-2?)
Toyota ESV (ESV-2?)
Toyota ESV-2 - The 19th Tokyo Motor Show 1972
Toyota ESV-2 - The 19th Tokyo Motor Show 1972
Bilder: Toyota
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ESV - Experimental Safety Vehicle
The ESV was a 2-door, 2-seater concept car built to conform to the Japanese government's Experimental Safety Vehicle specifications and shown during the 1973 Tokyo Motor Show. The ESV was the 100th and final vehicle produced by Toyota under the ESV program. It was mostly similar to the ESV-2 except the ESV had larger, plastic bumpers and slight differences in the trim.

Safety features included 4-wheel anti-skid brakes, 4-beam headlights, air bags, silicone rubber front bumper mounted on internal shock absorbers and crumple zones. The front suspension used double wishbones.


Toyota developed a 2500-pound two-seater coupe that was powered by a 1.7-liter four-cylinder engine. The mill was bolted to an automatic transmission that was said to be safer than a manual because it was controlled by a computer and not a human.

The prototype was packed full to the brim with electronic gadgets, including a system that automatically adjusted the brightness of the headlights based on the car’s speed and a radar that scoped the road ahead to detect obstacles. If a collision with an object was unavoidable, the radar sent a signal to a module that deployed gas bags that acted more or less in the same fashion as modern airbags.

Toyota’s ESV also used a primitive on-board computer that monitored the brake fluid level and the engine oil level, among other vitals.


The rise in traffic accidents was also becoming a serious problem outside Japan. Against this backdrop, in February 1970 the U.S. Department of Transportation advocated the development of experimental safety vehicle (ESVs) to conduct research in order to improve vehicle safety to the absolute maximum and improve safety related technological standards.

At the time, approximately 60 percent of people killed in automotive accidents in the United States were vehicle occupants. Automotive safety, particularly occupant safety, had become a major issue, and the proposed ESV development plan aimed to study and improve vehicle safety in order to protect occupants and help drivers avoid risks.

The U.S. government called on the Japanese and West German governments to cooperate in ESV development. In November 1970, the United States and Japan exchanged memorandums on ESV development, and Japan formally agreed to take part in the ESV project. It was agreed that the United States would develop a 4,000-pound (approximately 1,800-kilogram) ESV, while other participant countries, including Japan, would develop a 2,000-pound (approximately 900-kilogram) ESV. Automakers in the United States, Japan, West Germany and other countries devoted their cutting-edge technology to ESV development.

In May 1971, the Japanese government finalized the specifications for Japan's ESV, based on U.S. ESV specifications, and recruited automakers to work on development. The Japanese specifications for the ESV included shock-absorption ability sufficient to protect the life of all occupants in a collision at 80 kilometers per hour, ensuring a "life-saving" space within the cabin, and preventing occupants from being thrown from the vehicle.

Toyota applied to participate in development of the 2,000-pound (approximately 900-kilogram) ESV in June that year. In joining the project, the company hoped to actively contribute to accident prevention, and to gain the technical capability to respond to future changes in safety standards.

Development of the Toyota ESV began in February 1971. In addition to the body and brakes, the departments responsible for the vehicle outfitting chassis, and drive mechanisms worked together closely, and Nippondenso Co., Ltd. (now Denso Corporation) and Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. also cooperated with development. Following advanced development and the first and second prototype stages, Toyota's ESV was completed in June 1973, in line with specifications. From September through to the end of December, a total of 10 vehicles were delivered to the Japanese government. These ESVs underwent performance testing based on Japanese ESV specifications, with testing of all items completed in March 1974.

In order to absorb the massive energy from a frontal collision at 80 kilometers per hour, Toyota's ESV employed an S-shaped frame at its front. In addition, creating the quarter pillar with an almost vertical configuration minimized the pillar's penetration into the vehicle cabin during a crash. To protect occupants during a side-on collision, the side construction also featured a rigid beam on the exterior, and on the interior the door trimoffered protection to occupants.

Furthermore, in order to secure occupants in place during a crash, the vehicle featured a passive lap belt that fitted automatically when occupants were seated, as well as an airbag device, which inflated on impact after determining a collision was imminent to protect occupants from secondary collisions. Several new types of systems were developed, with both the front and rear wheels dually fitted with disc brakes and ESC, aiming for the optimum in braking performance.

The Toyota ESV-2, the result of making practical improvements to the first-prototype Toyota ESV-1, was exhibited at the 19th Tokyo Motor Show in November 1972. Toyota's group-wide effort to research and develop vehicle safety technology gained widespread attention.

Although the ESV was completed as a test vehicle, cost and productivity were not factored into the development. However, Toyota proactively incorporated the safety technologies gained during ESV development into its mass produced vehicles wherever possible. Of these, the redesigned Corona (RT100) released in August 1973 featured several new safety technologies, fusing the concept and technologies of the Toyota ESV with mass production. Structural features, including a large shock-absorbing bumper, a large single-piece plastic instrument panel, and an energy-absorbing steering column, were developed and employed in the model. The Corona also featured the "OK Monitor", developed as an active safety device.

These safety features won acclaim from the market, propelling the Corona to the position of best-selling compact size car for 35 consecutive months from December 1973 to October 1976
Quelle: Wiki; ranwhenparked.net; www.toyota-global.com
Andere Toyota
1957 Toyota Proto, 1961 Toyota Toyopet X, 1962 Toyota Publica Sports, 1966 Toyota Concept, 1967 Toyota 2000GT, 1969 Toyota EX-1, 1969 Toyota EX-II, 1969 Toyota EX-III, 1970 Toyota Commuter, 1970 Toyota EX-7, 1971 Toyota RV-1, 1971 Toyota SV-1, 1972 Toyota RV-2, 1973 Toyota ESV, 1973 Toyota EV2, 1973 Toyota F101, 1977 Toyota CAL-1, 1977 Toyota F110, 1979 Toyota CX-80, 1979 Toyota Family Wagon, 1981 Toyota EX-11, 1981 Toyota F120, 1981 Toyota SV-2, 1982 Toyota MX-1, 1983 Toyota FX-1, 1983 Toyota MX-2, 1983 Toyota Palette, 1983 Toyota SV-3, 1983 Toyota TAC3, 1985 Toyota AXV, 1985 Toyota FXV, 1987 Toyota AXV-II, 1987 Toyota EV-30, 1987 Toyota FXV-II, 1987 Toyota GTV, 1989 Toyota 4500GT, 1989 Toyota RAV-Four, 1991 Toyota Avalon, 1991 Toyota AXV-III, 1991 Toyota AXV-IV, 1991 Toyota Fun Runner, 1993 Toyota AXV-V (I.DE.A), 1993 Toyota Raum, 1994 Toyota Funcruiser, 1995 Toyota FLV, 1995 Toyota Moguls, 1995 Toyota MR-J, 1995 Toyota Prius, 1997 Toyota e.com, 1997 Toyota Funcargo, 1997 Toyota Funcoupe, 1997 Toyota Funtime, 1997 Toyota MR-S, 1999 Toyota Celica Cruising Deck, 1999 Toyota HV-M4, 1999 Toyota NCSV, 1999 Toyota Opa, 1999 Toyota Open Deck, 1999 Toyota Will Vi, 1999 Toyota XYR, 2001 Toyota DMT, 2001 Toyota ES3, 2001 Toyota FXS, 2001 Toyota Ist, 2001 Toyota POD, 2001 Toyota RSC, 2001 Toyota VM180 (Zagato), 2001 Toyota Voltz, 2001 Toyota Will-VC, 2002 Toyota ccX (Coggiola), 2002 Toyota UUV, 2003 Toyota CS&S, 2003 Toyota Fine-N, 2003 Toyota Fine-S, 2003 Toyota FJ Cruiser, 2003 Toyota NLSV, 2003 Toyota PM, 2004 Toyota Alessandro Volta (ItalDesign), 2004 Toyota FTX, 2004 Toyota MTRC, 2004 Toyota Sportivo Coupe, 2005 Toyota Endo, 2005 Toyota Estima Hybrid, 2005 Toyota Fine-X, 2005 Toyota FSC, 2005 Toyota FT-SX, 2005 Toyota i-Swing, 2005 Toyota i-Unit, 2006 Toyota Auris space, 2006 Toyota Aygo Sport, 2006 Toyota F3R, 2006 Toyota Urban Cruiser, 2007 Toyota 1/X, 2007 Toyota FT-HS, 2007 Toyota FT-MV, 2007 Toyota Hi-CT, 2007 Toyota Hybrid X, 2007 Toyota iQ, 2007 Toyota i-Real, 2007 Toyota RiN, 2008 Toyota A-BAT, 2009 Toyota FT-86, 2009 Toyota FT-EV, 2009 Toyota FT-EV II, 2010 Toyota FT-CH, 2011 Toyota FCV-R, 2011 Toyota FT-86 II, 2011 Toyota Fun Vii, 2012 Toyota Camatte, 2012 Toyota Dear Qin, 2012 Toyota FT-Bh, 2012 Toyota NS4, 2012 Toyota Yundong Shuangqing, 2013 Toyota Camatte57s, 2013 Toyota Corolla Furia, 2013 Toyota FCV, 2013 Toyota FV2, 2013 Toyota i-Road, 2013 Toyota JPN Taxi Concept, 2013 Toyota ME.WE, 2014 Toyota Camatte Sport, 2014 Toyota C-HR, 2014 Toyota FT-1, 2014 Toyota FT-1 Graphite, 2014 Toyota Urban Utility, 2015 Toyota Camatte Hajime, 2015 Toyota C-HR, 2015 Toyota FCV Plus, 2015 Toyota KIKAI Concept, 2015 Toyota S-FR, 2016 Toyota 86 Shooting Brake, 2016 Toyota Camatte Capsule, 2016 Toyota Setsuna, 2016 Toyota uBox (CU-ICAR), 2017 Toyota Concept-i, 2017 Toyota Concept-i Ride, 2017 Toyota Fine-Comfort Ride, 2017 Toyota FT-4X, 2017 Toyota FT-AC, 2017 Toyota GR HV, 2017 Toyota i-TRIL, 2017 Toyota Tj Cruiser, 2018 Toyota GR Supra Racing, 2019 Toyota e-4me, 2019 Toyota e-Care, 2019 Toyota e-Racer, 2019 Toyota e-Trans, 2019 Toyota LQ, 2021 Toyota Aygo X Prologue, 2021 Toyota Toyota bZ4X, 2022 Toyota bZ Compact SUV, 2022 Toyota C-HR Prologue, 2023 Toyota Baby Lunar Cruiser, 2023 Toyota bZ FlexSpace, 2023 Toyota bZ Sport Crossover, 2023 Toyota EPU, 2023 Toyota FT-3e, 2023 Toyota FT-Se, 2023 Toyota Kayoibako, 2023 Toyota Land Cruiser Se
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